Aluminium cans, bottles and tubes
Infinitely recyclable metal with a 75 percent global can recycling rate; better than PET only when recycled content is high or the bottle is…
Rigid packaging
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Glass bottles and jars
Glass never sheds microplastics or leaches chemicals, so it is far less harmful than plastic if it ends up in nature. But it takes…
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Hemp fibre composites and textiles
Hemp bast fibre and hurd used to reinforce composites or as textile fibre; a partial plastic reduction, since most hemp plastic is still mostly…
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PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates)
Bacteria-made polyesters that biodegrade in soil, fresh water and seawater; the only mainstream bioplastic family that does not depend on industrial composting.
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Moulded and dry-moulded fibre
Paper pulp pressed into 3D shapes, wet or with PulPac’s water-free dry process; replaces thermoformed trays, clamshells, cups, caps, blister packs and, in trials,…
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PLA (polylactic acid) and its limits
The most common compostable bioplastic, made from fermented corn or cane sugar; suits clear cups and clamshells but only breaks down in industrial composting.