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Alternative materials

Natural rubber latex

Tree-tapped rubber for gloves, balloons and elastics. Latex gloves can break down in compost, but balloons do not break down in the sea, and they kill wildlife. Allergy caveat.

Maturity
Commercial at scale
What it replaces
Nitrile and vinyl gloves, synthetic balloons, elastics
End of life
Home compostable, Industrially compostable
Certifications
FSC
Cost versus plastic
About the same
Drawbacks and greenwashing risks
Allergy risk; balloons do not break down in seawater, fresh water or compost within months and kill seabirds that swallow them; deforestation risk in uncertified rubber supply chains; glove biodegradation timeframe is a trade claim.
Verified on
3 October 2026

Natural rubber latex is tapped from Hevea trees and vulcanised into gloves, balloons, condoms and elastic. It is the only mainstream stretchy material (elastomer) that can biodegrade, but how fast depends on where it ends up.

It replaces nitrile and vinyl gloves and synthetic balloons and elastics. Trade sources report latex gloves composting within about six months, whereas nitrile does not biodegrade; nitrile's advantage is avoiding latex-protein allergy.

Balloons are different. There is no evidence that latex balloons break down in the sea. In a 2021 study by Australian researchers, balloons kept in seawater for 16 weeks kept their original shape and size. They grew weaker but did not meaningfully break down, and they did no better in fresh water or compost. Meanwhile they kill wildlife: a 2019 Australian study of 1,733 seabirds found that a bird that swallows a piece of balloon is 32 times more likely to die than one that swallows a piece of hard plastic. So never call a latex balloon biodegradable or harmless, and never release one.

For gloves, end of life is biodegradation in soil or compost. Cost is comparable with nitrile.

Drawbacks: latex allergy; balloons do not break down in the sea and kill wildlife, so never present latex balloons as harmless; rubber plantations carry deforestation risk, so require supply certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or the Global Platform for Sustainable Natural Rubber (GPSNR).

Sources last verified 3 October 2026. Page updated 3 October 2026. How we check sources